Who would benefit from raising the home-sale capital gains exclusion?

Long-tenure homeowners with substantial appreciation are the group that would benefit most from a higher exclusion, since the current cap has not moved with inflation for decades and increasingly exposes exactly that group to tax on gain that once would have been fully sheltered. Recent buyers with less accumulated appreciation would see less practical benefit from a higher cap in the near term. Whether such a change happens is a matter for Congress, not something a real estate site can predict. A CPA can explain how your specific situation would be affected either way.