What are the arguments against mandating all-union labor on conversions?

Opponents of mandating all-union labor on building conversions generally argue it raises construction costs and can shrink the pool of available contractors in areas where non-union labor is more common, potentially slowing projects meant to add housing supply quickly. Supporters counter that union requirements improve worker safety and wages on projects that often involve older, more hazardous buildings. Which side prevails on a specific project usually depends on whether public funding or a city ordinance triggers the requirement in the first place. Joel Boss follows how labor requirements affect timelines on conversions he tracks.